Selective Mutism: An Anxiety Disorder that Affects Speech

Definition

Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder characterized by an inability to speak in specific social situations, such as at school or with strangers.

Causes

The exact cause of selective mutism is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Some children who develop selective mutism have a family history of the disorder, while others may have experienced a traumatic event that triggered their anxiety.

Symptoms

Children with selective mutism may be able to speak normally at home or with close family members, but they are unable to speak in other social situations. They may avoid speaking altogether, or they may only speak in a whisper or in a very soft voice. In addition to difficulty speaking, children with selective mutism may also exhibit other symptoms of anxiety, such as:

• Blushing or sweating
• Trembling or shaking
• Rapid heartbeat
• Difficulty making eye contact
• Avoidance of social situations

Treatment

Treatment for selective mutism typically involves a combination of therapy and medication. Therapy can help children to manage their anxiety and to develop coping mechanisms. Medication may also be used to reduce anxiety and to improve communication skills.